Faces of the Civil Rights Movement by Charles River Editors

Today, a man born Michael King Jr. is one of the most famous Americans in history, his name having been changed at the age of 5 to one the world fondly remembers: Martin Luther King Jr. The life and legend of Dr. King have been told to every American, many of whom come away equating King with the Civil Rights Movement as a whole. But King’s life was about far more than leading movements and having dreams.

Faces of the Civil Rights Movement humanizes the leader who constantly sought to better himself and desparately wanted to follow in the footsteps of the man he was named after, while also celebrating his incredible accomplishments and analyzing his perceived shortcomings. Along the way, you will learn things about Dr. King you never knew, including a bitterly contested court case over some of his papers and the off-the-cuff origins of his I Have a Dream speech.

At the height of the Civil Rights Movement, while much of the nation’s attention was given to peaceful protests, boycotts, and figures like Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr., a young man named Malcolm Little was rising through the ranks to become one of the leaders of the Nation of Islam. As Malcolm X, he would come to be one of the most controversial figures in 20th century America, hailed as a bold civil rights activist by some and reviled as a violent racist by others.

What everyone can agree on, however, is that Malcolm X was one of the most influential black leaders of the 20th century. After being imprisoned for crimes committed as a teenager, Malcolm X converted to Islam and joined the Nation of Islam while in jail. Once he was freed in 1952, he began a steady ascent to become the face of the Nation, a platform from which he gained notoriety for advocating the Nation’s teachings about black supremacy. Whereas Dr. King was pushing for fuller integration and desegregation, X and the Nation of Islam advocated total separation. Other Civil Rights organizations deemed X and the Nation to be too extremist, and in response X labeled them “stooges”.

Today, one of the best known aspects of Malcolm X’s life was his assassination in 1965 by members of the Nation of Islam following his split from the group over differences with leader Elijah Muhammad. In addition to making a pilgrimage to Mecca, X continued to be politically active, founding a number of groups and speaking to many more in an attempt to heighten political awareness. Over the last two years of his life, he faced several threats from the Nation of Islam, which culminated with his assassination on February 21, 1965, as he was addressing the Organization of Afro-American Unity in Manhattan's Audubon Ballroom.

Faces of the Civil Rights Movement looks at the turbulent life and legacy of the famous leader, while humanizing the man and discussing lesser known facts about him, including how he chose the name Malcolm X, and whether he was advocating more peaceful protest at the end of his life. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events in his life, you will learn about Malcolm X like you never have before, in no time at all.